The world saw Bismarck as a typical Prussian Junker - an image which he encouraged by wearing military uniforms. His father, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Bismarck (Schönhausen, 13 November 1771 – 22 November 1845), was a Junker estate owner and a former Prussian military officer his mother, Wilhelmine Luise Mencken ( Potsdam, 24 February 1789 – Berlin), the well-educated daughter of a senior government official in Berlin. 11 Titles and styles from birth to deathīismarck was born in Schönhausen, a wealthy family estate situated west of Berlin in the Prussian Province of Saxony.7.3 Old Age and Disability Insurance Bill of 1889.3 Ministerpräsident (Prime Minister) of Prussia.Historians generally praise him as a statesman of moderation and balance who kept the peace in Europe and was primarily responsible for the unification of modern Germany. As the leader of what historians call "revolutionary conservatism" Bismarck became a hero to German nationalists they built hundreds of monuments glorifying the iconic symbol of powerful conservative leadership. He possessed not only a long-term national and international vision, but also the short-term ability to juggle many complex developments simultaneously. Bismarck distrusted democracy and ruled through a strong, well-trained bureaucracy with power in the hands of a Junker elite representing the landed aristocracy in the east.īismarck, an aristocratic Junker himself, had an extremely aggressive and domineering personality. While his new German Empire had universal male suffrage, the elected officials did not have real control of the government.
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Bismarck (a devout Lutheran) was loyal to his king, who in turn gave Bismarck his full support. He disliked colonialism but reluctantly built an overseas empire when it was demanded by both elite and mass opinion. He created a new nation-state and led the way to the welfare state. He used balance-of-power diplomacy to keep Europe peaceful in the 1870s and 1880s. As Henry Kissinger has noted, "The man of 'blood and iron' wrote prose of extraordinary directness and lucidity, comparable in distinctiveness to Churchill's use of the English language." His diplomacy of Realpolitik and powerful rule gained him the nickname the "Iron Chancellor". Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor of a united Germany after the 1871 Treaty of Versailles and largely controlled its affairs until he was removed by Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II in 1890.
In 1867 he also became Chancellor of the North German Confederation. This created a balance of power that preserved peace in Europe from 1871 until 1914.Īs Minister President of Prussia 1862–90, Bismarck provoked wars that made Prussia dominant over Austria and France, and lined up the smaller German states behind Prussia.
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In 1871, after a series of short victorious wars, he unified most of the German states (whilst excluding some, most notably Austria) into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership. Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman who dominated European affairs from the 1860s to his dismissal in 1890. 23rd Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Prussia
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